Photovoltaic (PV) cells are the critical technology component in solar panels that convert sunlight into electrical energy. These cells are essential for harnessing solar power, which is why they are at the heart of the solar panel systems installed by industry leaders like Excel Energy.

What are PV Cells? PV cells, often referred to simply as solar cells, are small, square-shaped semiconductors made primarily from silicon. When sunlight strikes these cells, it induces the photovoltaic effect, which generates electricity.
How PV Cells Work The photovoltaic effect occurs when photons of light excite electrons in the semiconductor material, causing them to flow and produce electricity. Here’s a simple diagram to illustrate this:
Types of PV Cells PV cells come in various types, primarily:
- Monocrystalline: Made from a single crystal of silicon, these are highly efficient.
- Polycrystalline: Made from multiple silicon crystals, they are less efficient but cheaper.
- Thin-Film: Made from materials like cadmium telluride, offering versatility and a lower cost.
Materials Used in PV Cells The primary material used is silicon, but advancements have introduced other materials:
Material | Properties | Typical Use |
---|---|---|
Silicon | Durable, efficient | Most solar cells |
Cadmium Telluride | Lower cost, good for thin-film | Thin-film cells |
Gallium Arsenide | Very high efficiency | Advanced cells |
Advancements in PV Cell Technology Innovations in PV technology continue to improve efficiency and reduce costs, making solar power more accessible and appealing for both residential and commercial use.
PV Cell Efficiency Efficiency is key to maximizing energy production from solar panels:
Type of Cell | Efficiency (%) |
---|---|
Monocrystalline | 15-20% |
Polycrystalline | 13-16% |
Thin-Film | 10-13% |
Benefits of Using PV Cells in Solar Panels PV cells provide substantial environmental benefits by reducing reliance on fossil fuels and economic benefits through lower energy costs over time. Their efficiency improvements have significantly enhanced these benefits, making them an ideal choice for anyone looking to invest in solar energy.
Why Choose Excel Energy? Excel Energy uses the latest in PV cell technology to ensure that our clients receive the most efficient and cost-effective solar solutions available.
Conclusion Understanding the role and functionality of PV cells in solar panels is crucial for anyone considering solar energy solutions. Whether for residential or commercial purposes, Excel Energy is ready to assist with top-tier solar solutions tailored to your needs.

Jesse Ortiz is an avid home blogger, with the goal of helping his readers find inspiration and ideas for their next project. He writes about everything from small design projects to large renovations. His goal is to help people transform their homes into something that reflects who they are.